Sustainable Energy / Trajnostna energija

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

Slovenia, as well as other European countries, is involved in global development trends. It is not an island, which means that just like the rest of Europe it cannot avoid the challenges of the modern era posed by energy supply and environment protection and at the formal level also by obligations arising from international commitments in the area of efficient energy consumption and the use of renewable energy sources.

The change in the run-of-the-mill supply with energy offers excellent opportunities and at the same time it is a huge engineering challenge on the road to the achievement of development objectives in the future. In a combination with different measures within the framework of the so-called energy triangle – reducing the needs on the one hand, developing energy-efficient technologies for renewable sources on the other hand, and the implementation of advanced technologies as the third aspect. In a nutshell: the energy generation and distribution area has the pole position thanks to its true potential for immense, global effects.

The structure of energy consumption:

• buildings (heating, ventilation/air-conditioning): 43%,
• transport: 31%,
• buildings other 6%,
• other 20%.

Areas identified as having development potential:

• Development of systems for efficient utilization of biomass regarded as the most reliable, renewable source for energy-producing purposes
• Optimum gas system management
• Solar energy
• Photovoltaic engineering
• Hydrogen and hydrogen gas fuel technologies
• Support technologies (central control systems, systems optimizations and other ICT), and
• Efficient and rational energy utilization (new concepts and systems for delivering energy-efficient transport (electric vehicles) and energy efficient, active buildings where supply with energy is largely based on the use of renewable energy sources)

"Sustainable energy is the sustainable provision of energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Technologies that promote sustainable energy include renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectricity, solar energy, wind energy, wave power, geothermal energy, and tidal power, and also technologies designed to improve energy efficiency."

Energy efficiency and renewable energy are said to be the twin pillars of sustainable energy. Some ways in which sustainable energy has been defined are:

• “Effectively, the provision of energy such that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable Energy has two key components: renewable energy and energy efficiency."
• "Dynamic harmony between equitable availability of energy-intensive goods and services to all people and the preservation of the earth for future generations." And, "the solution will lie in finding sustainable energy sources and more efficient means of converting and utilizing energy."
• "Any energy generation, efficiency & conservation source where: Resources are available to enable massive scaling to become a significant portion of energy generation, long term, preferably 100 years."
• “Energy which is replenishable within a human lifetime and causes no long-term damage to the environment."

This sets sustainable energy apart from other renewable energy terminology such as alternative energy and green energy, by focusing on the ability of an energy source to continue providing energy. Sustainable energy can produce some pollution of the environment, as long as it is not sufficient to prohibit heavy use of the source for an indefinite amount of time. Sustainable energy is also distinct from Low-carbon energy, which is sustainable only in the sense that it does not add to the CO2 in the atmosphere.

1. Renewable energy technologies

Renewable energy technologies are essential contributors to sustainable energy as they generally contribute to world energy security, reducing dependence on fossil fuel resources,[6] and providing opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gases.

2. Energy Efficiency

Renewable energy and energy efficiency are sometimes said to be the “twin pillars” of sustainable energy policy. Both resources must be developed in order to stabilize and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Efficiency slows down energy demand growth so that rising clean energy supplies can make deep cuts in fossil fuel use. If energy use grows too fast, renewable energy development will chase a receding target. Likewise, unless clean energy supplies come online rapidly, slowing demand growth will only begin to reduce total emissions; reducing the carbon content of energy sources is also needed. Any serious vision of a sustainable energy economy thus requires commitments to both renewables and efficiency.

3. Green Energy

Green energy includes natural energetic processes that can be harnessed with little pollution. Anaerobic digestion, geothermal power, wind power, small-scale hydropower, solar energy, biomass power, tidal power, wave power, and some forms of nuclear power (which is able to "burn" nuclear waste through a process known as nuclear transmutation and therefore belong in the "Green Energy" category). Some definitions may also include power derived from the incineration of waste.

Green energy sources: solar, wind, biomass, biofuels, biodiesel, ethanol, nuclear power.

TRAJNOSTNA ENERGIJA

Slovenija se, podobno kot druge evropske države, ukvarja s svetovnimi trendi razvoja. Ni otok, kar pomeni, da se tako kot drugod po Evropi ne more izogniti izzivom moderne dobe, kot so oskrba z energijo in varstvo okolja in na formalni ravni tudi obveznosti, ki izhajajo iz mednarodnih obveznosti na področju učinkovite rabe energije in uporabe obnovljivih virov energije.

Sprememba povprečne oskrbe z energijo nudi odlične možnosti in je hkrati velik inženirski izziv na poti k doseganju razvojnih ciljev v prihodnosti. Kombinacija različnih ukrepov se izvaja v okviru tako imenovanega energetskega trikotnika - zmanjšanje potreb na eni strani ter razvoj energetsko učinkovitih tehnologij za obnovljive vire na drugi strani, in uvajanje naprednih tehnologij kot tretji vidik. Na kratko: proizvodnja in območje distribucije energije imata najboljši začetni položaj, zahvaljujoč svojim zmožnostim za ogromne in globalne učinke.

Struktura porabe energije:

• zgradbe (ogrevanje, prezračevanje / klimatizacija): 43%,
• transport: 31%,
• zgradbe drugo 6 %,
• drugo 20%.

Področja, opredeljena kot področja z razvojnim potencialom:

• razvoj sistemov za učinkovito uporabo biomase, obravnavan kot najbolj zanesljiv obnovljivi vir za namene proizvodnje energije
• optimalno upravljanje plinskega sistema
• sončna energija
• fotovoltaični inženiring
• vodik in tehnologija vodikovega plinskega goriva
• podporne tehnologije (centralni nadzorni sistemi, sistemi optimizacije in druge IKT) in
• učinkovita in razumna uporaba energije (novi koncepti in sistemi za zagotavljanje energetsko učinkovitega prevoza (električna vozila) in energetsko učinkovitih, aktivnih stavb, kjer oskrba z energijo v glavnem temelji na uporabi obnovljivih virov energije).

»Trajnostna energija (ang.Sustainable energy) je določena energija, ki je namenjena potešitvi sedanjih potreb ne da bi s tem vplivala na potrebe bodočih generacij. Viri trajnostne energije najpogosteje vključujejo vse vrste obnovljivih virov energije kot so: sončna energija, vetrna energija (eolska energija), energija valovanja, geotermalna energija, energija biomase. Navadno vključuje tehnologijo izboljšane energetske učinkovitosti. Konvencionalna jedrska energija se včasih označuje kot trajnostna, vendar je to politično sporna zadeva zaradi, dosežene stopnje maksimalne proizvodnje urana, radioaktivnih odpadkov in tveganja povzročitve katastrof zaradi naravnih nesreč in terorizma.«

1.Tehnologija obnovljive energije

Tehnologija obnovljivih virov energije je bistvenega pomena za trajnostno energijo, saj navadno prispeva svetu energijske varnosti s tem, da zmanjšuje odvisnost od fosilnih virov energije ter zagotavlja možnosti za zmanjšanje toplogrednih plinov.

2.Energijska učinkovitost

Na poti k trajnostim energijam bodo potrebne spremembe, ne samo na način kako je energija na voljo, vendar tudi kako je uporabljena. Zmanjševanje količino energije potrebne za zagotavljanje različnih proizvodov ali storitev je bistvenega pomena. Priložnosti za izboljšave na strani povpraševanja po energiji so bogate in raznolike, kot tiste na strani ponudbe in pogosto ponujajo znatne gospodarske koristi.

Obnovljivi viri energije in energetski učinkovitosti so včasih rekli da so "twin pillars" trajnostne energetske politike. Oba vira se morata razvijati za stabilizacijo in zmanjšanje emisij ogljikovega dioksida. Učinkovitost upočasni rast povpraševanja po energiji, tako da lahko zaloge čiste energije naraščajo, posledično pa precejšnje zmanjšanje uporabe fosilnih goriv. Če bo poraba energije rastla prehitro bo razvoj obnovljive energije lovil umikajoče se cilje. Kakršne koli resne vizije trajnostnega energetskega gospodarstva zahtevata zaveze od obnovljivih virov energije in učinkovitosti.

3.Zelena energija

Zelena energija vključuje naravne električne procese, ki so uporabljeni brez velikega onesnaževanja. Pod to vrsto kategorije spadaj geotermalna energija, energija vetra, energija vode, energija sonca, biomasa, energija valov. Nekateri uvrščajo sem tudi, energijo, ki nastane med sežiganje odpadkov.

Viri zelene energije: Sonce, Veter, Energija biomase, Biogoriva, Biodizel, Etanol, Jedrska energija